Early

Anwary Islam - A collection of biographies of the Prophet Mohammed, his companions and wives, with an account of the Prophet's battlefields.

The Battle of Badr - A detailed description of the historic Battle of Badr by Allama Shibli Naumani.

Brief History of Compilation of the Qur'an - A short account of how the Qur'an was preserved and compiled, and the addition of diacritical marks.

The Four Righteous Caliphs - A history of the first four caliphs to rule after the death of Muhammad, until the rise to power of the Umayyad dynasty. Includes a map.

Islamic History from 570 to 1000 - Excerpts from "A Chronolgy of Islamic History: 570-1000 CE" by H.U. Rahman, covering the period to Abu Bakr's military expedition to Syria and Palestine in 633.

Medieval Sourcebook: Accounts of The Arab Conquest of Egypt, 642 - A Coptic account from "The History of The Patriarchs of Alexandria", and an Arab account from Al-Baladhuri's "The Conquest of Alexandria".

Medieval Sourcebook: Pact of Umar, 7th Century - Supposed to have been the peace accord offered by the Caliph Umar to the Christians of Syria; it formed the pattern of later management of the status of non-Muslims.

Restatement of History of Islam and Muslims - An online book by Sayed Ali Asgher Razwy presents the Shia interpretation of early Islam, from 570 to 661 CE, as a movement launched by the Prophet Muhammad, consummated with the support of his vicegerent 'Ali ibn Abi Talib.

The Rightly-Guided Caliphs - Explains the Muslim concept of Caliph, and profiles the first four who succeeded the Prophet Muhammad; known as The Rightly-Guided Caliphs.